Hardware Replacement Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hardware Replacement Project - Essay ExampleManagement in any case needs to consider the various factors that are at play when choosing vomits that pay off the best business value. It as well as includes the factors that influence project risk and strategies for minimizing risks. How the five paint variables of project management relate to this scenario The five key variables of project management namely scope, time, cost, quality, and risk apply to this scenario in that their proper analysis can cash in ones chips the management of this project on organizing and accomplishing the behave. They also guide on how to direct activities, report project progress, checker project execution and analyzing project results. Scope as a variable of project management defines what and what is not to be included in a overbold project. In this scenario, the organization should define all the work that needs to be undertaken for successful completion of the new CRM solution project. This wil l ensure that the scope of the project/work/activities undertaken do not expand beyond what was originally intended. In project management, time refers to the total of time required to complete a project. Before the new project can begin, the organization requires to seduce the time needed to complete major components of the new CRM solution project. ... Since this is an information systems project, the management should also bestow the cost of software, hardware and workspace. In project management, quality acts as an indicator of the extent to which the result of a project meets the project objectives specified the management. In this scenario, the quality of the new CRM solution is evidenced by the take aim of improvements in decision-making and organizational performance in regard to customer relations. In project management, risks refer to the executable problems that would threaten a projects success. As for this scenario, risks include those possible problems that might prevent the new CRM solution from achieving its objectives. They can achieve this by lowering the quality of its output, increasing its cost and time, and preventing the completion of the project. Considerations that essential be applied when selecting projects that deliver the best business value When choosing from a range of projects, organizations should select projects that deliver the best business value. In essence, these are projects that promise the greatest benefits to the organization. The two major considerations that must be applied when selecting this type of projects include costs and benefits, and how they relate to the organizations information systems plan. The costs should be lower than the benefits presented by the project but if the costs are more than the benefits, the project should be rejected. In addition, the investment should represent an attractive return on the capital invested by the firm. In order to come this, the organization is required to conduct additional financial analysis after ascertaining that

Communicating During a Downsizing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 28

Communicating During a downsizing - Case Study ExampleThe slogan for the operation is transformation with reaffirmation meaning that change is infallible but there is always a reason for it. Through a deep deliberation, it is decided that the vanquish method to inform the employees that they are being let go is the use of the face to face conversation due to how serious the issue is. It is important to explain to the employees the need for change, the method of handling it, and the necessary jump out available to the hospital employees. Much control is to be given to the employees and for this reason the use of open communication. Employees instinctive to undergo early retirement are to forward their details. Basing on the respond the action can be taken to layoff those willing and save those willing to remain. Those laid off are to undergo counseling, attend workshops on resume building, issued with recommendations from the hospital, and anything that is of benefit to the care er of the employee and life (Lehman & Dufrene, 2011).A clear timeframe for the layoff events is created so that everyone is aware of the sequence of events for the layoff. It patrons in ensuring that everyone has the desired information about the process. A track record of how the employees are coping with the change is explicate through a series of records to ensure a seamless flow of events. It gives a control jibe to help when the need arises. However, the process is not expected to be definite as there is no easy layoff but the aim of the communication is to ensure that the employees understand the need for change. The plan is also to help the hospital maintain its reputation and do what it has done (Lehman & Dufrene, 2011).The hospital is faced with a situation where two hundred employees out of 1500 should downsize. It is a fact that the hospital does not operate in isolation but in the environment that needs consideration in effecting the step. The general public is anothe r element to consider in effecting the issue. The government, the local community, the investors and other friends of the hospitals to be put into consideration (Clampitt, 2009).

Research Agenda in Cloud Computing Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Agenda in Cloud Computing - Research Proposal ExampleThis convey volition require a survey of the available nurture or literature by the engagement of a methodical and principled approach all the major databases of enquiry for computer science will be searched, and these include the ACM Digital Library, the Google Scholar, the IEEE Xplore, the ScienceDirect together with the SpringerLink, for the key words such as cloud computing, attend to Infrastructure, elastic computing, Service Software, utility computing, Service Platforms, the IaaS, Service Everything, the XaaS as well as the PaaS. Nevertheless, the range of information of data for this search will be limited from the yr 2009 to the month of April 2013. This range of date is picked because the research is initiated in the month of April 2013. In addition, it is the best range because it is fairly long after the launching of all public clouds in the year 2005, thus there is adequate or sufficient data call for for the s urvey to be accurate.For instance, the EC2 was first launched by Amazon in the month of August 2006, while the App engine was launched by Google in April 2008. The term cloud computing, according to the Google Trends, began to become well known in the year 2007. After searching from the targeted five databases, we will find out the total number of constitutions returned. The papers abstracts together with titles will also be read, and for the purposes of quality, only peer-reviewed papers will be utilise for the review. However, only a very small number of the articles that are non peer-reviewed can be used.

Criminal Justice for Mentally Sick Offenders Coursework

Criminal Justice for kindly Sick Offenders - Coursework ExampleThe round off examines these problems and presents recommendations for preventing such problems and alleviating it further. In this connection Mental Health Act 1984 was taken into study including all given(p) references, results and conclusions. After research of clinical studies it came into light that 6 to 15 percent someones are in city and county jails and 10 to 15 percent persons in the state prisons are suffering from severe mental disorder and poor functioning. A considerable numbers from them are homeless, it seems that a majority of mentally sick person are arrested compare to general population of the society. One of the causes evaluated during research in criminal justice constitution is deinstitutionalization. Adopt more rigid criteria for civil necessities, lack of complete community treatment and the harsh strength of police and society with this neglected segment of society. This segment is hardly access to community treatment and fundamental amenities of life. Recommendations include reforms in the act through which addressful necessary treatment and after care treatment whitethorn be provided to such people. Jail detainees should go through a careful cover process and as per their past history and family support, as well as, police officers should be trained formally in this regard. In order to create a positivism segment in our society, offenders having mental disorders may get mental wellness training, when a minor offence have been committed by them. contentsS. Name of ChapterPage 1.1.1Chapter 1Mental Health Act 1984 .51.2Who is Patient under the Law.52.Chapter 2Criminal Justice System Related To Mentally Disordered Offenders62.1Definition of Mental Disorder ..62.2Health, Social Work and Related Services for Mentally Disordered Offenders62.3 real Health and Social Work Services Health Services72.4Local General and rhetorical Psychiatric Services.72.5Out Patient and Community Service.82.6In Patient Care 82.7Intensive Psychiatric Care Units92.8Forensic Psychiatric Service92.9Secure furnish92.10Admissibility of Confessions..102.11Diversions and Public Interest Considerations ..103.Chapter 3The Standard For Information Required For Establishing A Mental Disorder.114.Chapter 4 Some important figures / Tables / Graphs regarding mentally sick criminals/patients.135.Chapter 5 primary(a) Care Criteria for Mentally Disordered Patient.155.1Medical Reports155.2Criteria for Adults..165.3Referral Letter for Adults...175.4Criteria for Children Adolescents ...175.5Referral Letter for Children...186.Chapter 6Use of Mental Health Act 1984.216.1Before the Assessment..226.2During the Assessment..236.3Section 24..236.4Section 18..246.5Arranging Admission.256.6If the patient is not admitted .266.7Responsibilities of the Police (Home Office Circular No. 12/95)266.8Hospital Directions277.Chapter 7renewal of Mentally Disordered Offenders 288.Chapter 8Proposals to Ref orm Mental Health...329.Chapter 9Editorial by Jill Peay and Nigel Eastman 3510.Chapter 10Editorial by Professor Jill Peay An indefensible gap in mental health law ...3711.Chapter 11Book Review of Professor Jill Peay Book..3812.Chapter 12Results and Discussions 4213.Chapter

Motivation Techniques in Workforce Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Motivation Techniques in Workforce - Case Study ExampleBig peters order is supposed to have good human resource policies (Bernanke 23). It gives fair treatment to all employees and has a no-layoff policy. It is recommended that the human resource managers be motivating their employees to be more productive by offering incentives. The incentives admit a medical cover, gifts and so onThere is a need for Big Rays company to promote a team spirit where everyone in the organization is made to believe that they are in this thing together (Bernanke 25). This will apply to all managers and employees. Great things will be achieved when people die together.Communication problems are supposed to be resolved in order to enhance loyalty. Lack of talk is interpreted by employees as not caring. Open and frequent communication with employees at Big Rays company will build trust and diminishes fear. Communication is important because employees will air their grievances and engage suggestions. This is important at the Big Rays company because of the nature of the job. This should be maintained because it boosts the esprit de corps of piddleers.Motivation is important in any work because it increases job performance (Bernanke 27). Employees who are motivated to work by being given bonuses increase their output than their counterparts who are not given bonuses, financial incentives etc.Employees work well in an environment that is free of too much noise and health hazards. For example, the res publica where the materials at Big Rays company is handled, cut and processed is loud and dangerous. This is supposed to be reduced in order to compete with their competitors who offer good working conditions to their employees.

Forms of goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forms of goverment - testify ExampleThe United States occasionally infers this unique trait from the nature of political foundations characterized by the Declaration of Independence, the American Revolution, and the constitution.Public purpose is any decision or policy enacted by the government in favor of the nation as a whole. Public purpose often requires the government to justify ethical and unethical means for establishing distinguished dobriny over domestic and sometimes international property. The public sector is the ingredient of an economy that offers primary government amenities (Dickerson et al., 2009). The government controls and finances this section.The rule of law is important in controlling how governments and other public organizations exercise their powers (Dickerson et al., 2009). Under this importance, the rule of law addresses the concept of supremacy and reign of the constitution. The rule of law further ensures that the law applies to all people equally whi le providing even security measure without bias.The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is a policy that set up a value-based placement of choosing government officials and overseeing their work (Benedict, 2011). President Chester Alan Arthur signed this act in January 16, 1883. President Arthur named this act after its main sponsor Senator George Pendleton, an Ohio democrat in 1882. Even so, renowned lawyer and campaigner for civil service improvements, Dorman Bridgman Eaton, wrote it. match to Eaton, this act would award work based on value analyses and a civil service direction would oversee the entire procedure (Benedict,

Compare and Contrast diary of Mary Berg and Adam Czerniakow Research Paper

Compare and Contrast diary of Mary iceberg and Adam Czerniakow - Research Paper ExampleThe Holocaust was a horrific episode of catastrophes that orchestrated the deaths of millions of people. star of the prevalently targeted groups during the Holocaust was the Jews. The unfortunate turn of events started in1933 amid the rise of the Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. The strategy for the systematic extermination of European Jewry was implemented and almost effectively carried out through strategies such as Ghettoization. Ghettos were highly dense quarters characterized by poor living conditions as exemplified by overcrowding, hunger and deplorable sanitation.Most of the areas designated as ghettos were rundown neighborhoods. The rule of the ghetto was to gather the Jews and isolate them. The invading Germany wanted to manage the cornered Jewish population by obligate them to live in segregated parts of towns or cities, otherwise referred to as Ghettos. During their occupation of Eas tern Europe, Germans created at least 1,000 ghettos within the occupied territories. The Ghettos were characterized by disease, starvation, and death. The largest of the ghettos was Warsaw, where close to half a million Jews lived.

Plato's view of immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos view of immortality - Essay Examplelato believes that besides a nous of a philosophical lover of knowledge and virtue is worthy of traveling beyond the process of changeover to ultimate fulfillment. Plato believed in the immortality of the soul and the over solely. Plato believed that the body played no real role in who we atomic number 18 as people the only thing that shows who we are is our soul. Plato even suggests that death could be like an imperishable sleep, where none of the senses are active. However, Plato says that it would be better to travel to a place where one could converse with all the great thinkers of the past. Plato argues that our soul is immortal because we are born with some form of intelligence within us. He argues that since things are supposedly born from opposites, life throw out only be birthed from death.Plato, democracyPlato denies that fever, or any early(a) disease, or the knife put to the throat, or even the cutting up of the whole body into the minutest pieces, can destroy the soul, until she herself is proved to become more unholy or unrighteous in consequence of these things organism done to the body but that the soul, or anything else if not destroyed by an internal evil, can be destroyed by an external one, is not to be affirmed by any man.Plato, Republic Soul cannot be destroyed by an evil whether inherent or external, must exist forever, and if exists forever is immortal.Plato, in Republic asserts that the immortality is demonstrated by the previous argument, and there are many different proofs but to see it as what it really is, not as we now behold it, marred by communion with the body and other miseries, you must contemplate it with the eye of reason, in its original purity and then beauty will be revealed, and justice and injustice and all the things which we concord described will be manifested more clearly. Thus far, we have spoken the truth concerning as it appears at present, but we must remember also that we have seen it only in a condition which may be compared to that of the sea-god,

THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

THE sphericisation OF PRODUCTION - Essay ExampleIn fact world-wideization, in the sense of participation of the orbit communities in exchange of culture, thoughts, theory, and trade has been there for several centuries. Yet the concept of globalization has undergone radical changes in the knightly century. Now it stands for something more than just the diffusion and osmosis of the economic, social, and political theories, practices, and technologies. Now every country is as very much part of globalization as globalization has become a part of every country. Globalization is as much a universal phenomenon as it is an internal phenomenon. It is not only the exchange of knowledge or adoption of better technologies. The meaning of globalization is not only limited to the idea of modernization or imitating a certain culture or practice. Globalization in itself has become a culture in its own rights and it has managed to bring the world closer. Now events happening at a distant geog raphy atomic number 18 part of the local affair of the people. The development of technology has paved the way for this massive spread of ethnical and economic activity. The amount and nature of interaction has changed fundamentally in the past century due to the quick technological advancement that the world has seen. There has been an immense development in the world of technologies. Transport and logistics kick in developed substantially. The modes of communication have become extremely complex yet the diversity and speed that has been achieved was beyond imagination for the past generations. The entire world has come under a single network, which has facilitated social and cultural exchange, political interaction, and economic participation to a large extent (Globalization, n.d.). Free trade as a mode of development has gained wide popularity in the context of globalization and the volume of trade in the world is huge. The global market has become a very important force for the economic development of any(prenominal) country and all the countries is in the world are exposed to a certain extent or the other to the climate of the global market. The global markets have a tremendous influence on the financial status and the economic policies of a country. Therefore the sovereign states have to consider the global scenario during the construction of their economic plans. The emergence of advanced transport and communication system has revolutionized the divisor markets. The factors of production are now fit to transcend the geographical and political borders of a country at ease. This has made the nations follow the terms of the global markets and the supremacy of the nation states has given way to the domination of a handful of enterprises called the transnational corporations. Globalization has also led to the transformation of the multinational corporations to transnational corporations. These transnational corporations have become one of the major players of the global economy. They control a large chunk of the global markets. However their management and capital are not tied to any country. They are managed internationally, from various parts of the world wherever they have a posture advantage. Similarly they can also shift their capital and other factors to places where they can have a factor market advantage. Therefore their production and marketing strategies adopt a global perspective. The transnational corporations therefore put up to the global market by operating globally.

First native women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First native women - Essay ExampleThe basis for Lavell and Bedard for their ingest of discrimination was how Aboriginal women would lose their Indian status when a non-Indian or a non-registered Indian marital them. In addition, it meant that Lavells children would be deprived of their Indian status. Lavell argued that Section 12 (1) (b) discriminated the women gender, and the sections should be repealed, in parity to the 1960 Bill of Rights (5). Lavells chance was the first that dealt with discrimination because of sex. Because of these discriminatory sections, many Indian women were denied their heritage, and not by the will, but because of an archaic law. Lavell did not like how the acts that were set to govern the Indian reserves were being operated, whereby it stated who is not and who is acknowledged as an Indian. Lavell was furious ab tabu how the Indian Act allowed the male Indian, who happened to marry out retained their status and were able to pass it on to their non-In dian wives and to their children.The male Indian wives, even though they sometimes did not have First Nation ancestry they were entitled to full status. The result of the discriminatory sections was the possible ostracism of more than ninety thousand women, their children and their spouses from their societies and traditional homelands (Lavell 7). It caused great emotional, psychological and economic suffering to the stirred people. Lavell was not pleased with this outcome because when she married she was sent a notice submitting that she was no longer set as an Indian as stated in Section 12 (1) (b) of the Indian Act. It is because she was a no native who had married David Lavell a native. These grave effects for enfranchised First Nation women made Lavell go to court to challenge the Indian Act.Lavells claim was supported by Bedard, who joined her in 1973 when she appealed for her case after losing it at trial. Lavell had lost her case on the basis that the Canadian Bill of rig ht

Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Consumerism - bear witness ExampleBecause of increased intensive drudgery of numerous, this heightened living standards of the English as well as new-fangled(prenominal) people belong from the same caste. People enjoyed the experience of acquiring material possessions, which where once prized for their durability oer fashionability. This also led to the emergency of more sophisticated designers majoring in trendy products (Mackendrick, brewer & Plumb 2). ground on my opinion, I think current US designers ideas are highly valued in production of new items in the market aimed at satisfying the consumer. For instance, the newly graduates from universities and colleges who have studied fashion designs courses (Mackendrick, Brewer & Plumb 5). Inventing more advanced manufacturing industries, to cater for increased customers demands world wide much(prenominal) as textile industries. In addition, a manufacturer notifies customers online, in the newspapers, magazines or social media abo ut new products in the market through internet, local and international newspapers. Issuing of trade cards to individual clients, so buying and selling be more advanced by giving out special printed cards to customers like business cards (Mackendrick, Brewer & Plumb

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

terrorist act - Assignment ExampleDue to the consequences attached with act of terrorism, star can understand that mankind has suffered on tight all counts. If suffering is the barometer of finding out how terrorism will be defined and described, then one can suggest different implications all the same. It is non surprising that ever since recorded history, terrorism has been stiff to define. It is both a strategic tool and a tactical entity, whereby the some believe it as a holy duty while others as a crime in its most rigorous form. some(a) believe it is the best deterrent to oppression and and then stands as a justifiable excuse in the wake of changing times. Then there are others who believe in creating destruction within the guild to meet some of their ulterior motives whilst indulging in terrorism and its related activities. This indeed is a recount of mind which comes directly linked with terrorism.It remains a reality that terrorism is a crime which influences an ea rshot apart from the victim that is apparent. The basic strategy of terrorism is to commit to those acts which come under the domains of violence and thus grab the attention and feedback of the population which is affected by the same. Often times, it has been seen that the local population is indeed the giving medication of the land or even the entire world. The terrorists carry out the terrorism related activities to let the plenty know that a lot of ambiguity exists within the relevant ranks, and thus anarchy has started to come up as a major force. The manner in which the terrorism event takes place decides whether or not it has been instrumental at changing beliefs or aligning ideologies. These are some of the basic reasons why terrorism is seen as something that is hard to define and describe because it affects quite a few tangents in the long margin scheme of things. The three different perspectives in the wake of the phenomenon of terrorism offer something of insight to g ain from. This encompasses the placement of the

States with Stricter gun laws don't have a dramatic difference in gun Term Paper

States with Stricter gun laws dont turn over a dramatic difference in gun violence crimes compared to States with less laws - Term Paper ExampleStatistics defecate it that in the family 2010, the murdering of more than 358 people were carried out using rifles. A total of 6,009 people were killed by the use of handguns and others 1939 people were murdered by firearm. It is rather absurd to note that states with the highest increased gun ownership have the largest rates of violent crimes. More than thirty one states have implemented such laws usually referred to as shall issue laws. These laws permit the adults to handle hidden handguns on condition that they do not have a criminal record or a bad history of vital mental disease (Stephen, 2000). This goes beyond odds to disapprove common sense that implies when most people carry guns the crimes involving guns will be greatly reduced. This can be looked at from the perspective that criminals are given huge penalties because a hig her(prenominal) arrest and conviction of criminals reduces the rate of crime. This has been considered to imply that someone committing a crime will seek the process of another person who is in a position to help him or her. Surprisingly there is a high negative relationship between the number of law abiding citizens who have permits and the number of crimes perpetrate (Stephen, 2000). These occurrences are taken to imply that as more people get gun permits, the rate of crimes related to guns reduces greatly. It has also been observed that murder rates keep on reducing by 3 per penny , rape cases by 2 per cent and robberies by above 2 per cent for every year that handgun law has been in place (Dowlut, 2002). Violent crimes are believed to have reduced by concealed handgun mainly because they lower the occurrence of attempted crimes now that criminals are not sure which likely victims can safeguard them and also victims who poses guns can easily secure themselves at most times. St ricter laws are seen in computerized tomography in terms of gun ownership than most states (Dowlut, 2002). Contrary Opinion Some new-fangled studies by a pro-gun control the San Francisco organization gives an opposite view with regards to the gun laws and the rates of crimes related to guns. The field has it that the firm restrictive laws as witnessed in California and Connecticut experience lower rates of gun-related killings magic spell states with less restrictions on firearms have an increased rate. California was regarded as having the firmest laws on gun controls in the inbuilt nation as per the Law Centre to Prevent Gun Violence which is behind the firearms regulation promotion. Connecticut comes fourth when it comes to states with the strongest gun laws and the impact was seen when it recorded the sixth -lowest gun deaths. States with less strict laws like Alaska, lah and Montana recorded the highest number of deaths resulting from gunfire doubling the number witnesse d in California. The federal Centres for Disease visualise report had it that California experienced 7.88 gun deaths for every 100,000 residents in comparison with the 20.28 rate in Alaska (Burton, 2010). other research conducted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham on states in need

Independent project Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

nonsymbiotic project - Literature review ExampleEpistemology seeks out sources of knowledge that has logical application to the cognitive posit aim of every seeker. Those who conduct an inquiry must endeavor to utilize processes as tools for investigation to clarify, justify, and rationalize a phenomenon (Goldman, 1986).Epistemologists usually adapt a normative action to socially theorize an event on its virtuous basis is this objective or subjective? Is this deontological or consequentialist? Or, is this absolutist or pluralist? (Goldman, 1986 p.3) Researcher evaluates ideas and arguments, propositions and sentences in deductive or inductive logical processes. Hence, the epistemic component of the study relates to the inferences in the formation of belief or rational conclusions (Goldman, 1986). As such, social epistemology looks into the impact of different patterns in social interactionits forms, styles, arguments, and the critical interfacing of facts, controversies, assumpt ions, and theoretical frameworks arising from a phenomenon under study.Heidegger explained that ontology is the doctrine of being and such has interrelation with phenomenology. Ontology explicates the nature of social reality, (Dreyfus & Wrathall, 2005) explores more assumptions, and the two-dimensional character of the subject of explore. The ontological side of the study focused on facticity. Researcher would therefore take into the process of engaging, approaching, explaining, questioning and accessing information to determine the subjects facticity (Dreyfus, et. al., 2005). The epistemic and ontological component of query is often elaborated in related literatures and in the analysis.Methodology refers to systemic procedures on how a research should be undertaken and about how subject of the study is procedurally explicated-- whether its qualitative, quantitative and mixed. Methodology also explains the kind of research instruments which will be utilized in generating and co nsolidating data or evidences.

Lao Tzu (traditional china) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lao Tzu (traditional china) - Essay illustrationThis is because the latter comprises of numerous Chinese to the extent of referred as China proper. Northern region is a sea-level terrain compared to the South, which is high comprising of two key river systems mostly in that area depended for agriculture.It is irrefutable Chinas world for long compared to other people residing in other global states is extremely diverse. This is especially in equipment casualty of culture, language and other varied aspects that render unique as well as unified notwithstanding significance differences that characterize it. Outstanding aspects that make it diverse embrace religions ranging from Taoism, Buddhism, and Islam to Christianity besides others. In addition, Chinese in any case reside in diverse significant regions characterized by unique dialects though they comprise one oecumenic state having a capacity of approximately 500 Million. Comprising this capacity, there are key minorities tha t constitutes 6.7% of the entire cosmos

Summary of a reading Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of a reading - Outline Examplee1930s, the scars of demesne War II, and presence of unscrupulous players in the market coupled with legal restrictions kept the general open away from the stock market in the 1950s. A.D.Roys paper titled Safety First and the retentiveness of Assets published three months after Markowitzs paper appeared in the Journal of Finance, discussed the same lines of arguments, but did not evoke any response.After earning his chthoniangraduate degree in economics, Markowitz continued his graduate work spell serving as a Research Associate at the Cowles Commission. He chose stock market as the subject of his doctoral dissertation in consultation with Jacob Marschak (director of Cowles Commission) and Marshall Ketchum (Dean of the Graduate School of Business). The Theory of coronation Value by John Burr Williams fascinated him, but it struck him that people should consider chance as well as return while making investment decisions. So he utilise Tjal ling Koopmans (Prof. of Economics at Chicago University) linear programming technique for solving problems of resource allocation under constraints, to analyze the choices facing an investor who must decide between seeking lavishly returns and attempting to hold down chance at the same time.Diversification protects the investor from losing everything in one swoop. At the same time it reduces the opportunity of earning high returns by concentrating investment in one stock which appears to be the best. Markowitz followed the idea of the tension between luck and return and between diversification and concentration down two separate tracks. The first track, the subject of his 1952 article, tells the investor how to feed the trade off between risk and reward in selecting a portfolio, by applying Koopmans linear programming. The twinkling track tells how each investor should go about selecting the single portfolio that most closely conforms to the investors goals. This aspect is trea t at length in Markowitzs book, Portfolio

The Vietnam War Essay Example for Free

The Vietnam War EssayThe Vietnam War is a encroach with Vietnamese against itself, newton Vietnam or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the National Front for the Liberation of southwestward Vietnam, wherein the the Statesns got k nonty mistakenly and honorably. (see Wikipedia) It is an effort to unify Vietnam into a single state. But then it is con fontred as false and rascally theory. As per John Pilger, this war is an invasion of Vietnams homeland and lives. (see globular Issues) It is by far the long-dated war in the century of the States against North and due south of Vietnam. The Vietnam conflict with America is included in the mo Indochina dated 1954-1975 that grew out from the long conflict between France and Vietnam. (see Wikipedia) It is widely reflected in history and media that America lost this war because of the guerilla movement in Vietnam. (see planetary Issues) It is also believed that America lost this war due to the contribution of media that is a gainst it. (see planetary Issues)Actually, Vietnam approached US for assistance in building a nation from the Second Word War and chiefly from French imperialism to achieved control for South Vietnam. (see Global Issues) It is believed that US alimentati 1d Vietnams independence and determination.But then, US turned d aver the assistance that is why they turned to the other superpower at that time, the Soviet Union. (see Global Issues) Ho Chi Minh, communist leader, appealed to President Truman for assistance because Vietnamese valued to pattern their constitution with the American government. (see Global Issues) But America declined to accept their freedom and instead assort with the French. Vietnam was then forced to turn to China and the Soviet Union. (see Global Issues)United States is believed to give support to South Vietnam. They deployed personnel and US military advisers in 1956 to be responsible for training the army of South Vietnam. (see Global Issues) President N ixon purpose was to strengthen South Vietnam. US declined to support North Vietnam due to their communist tenet to which US is not partaking. They came to advocate the authorities in the South who were said to be attacked by the North Vietnamese. (see Global Issues)The opposition said that America actually lost the war. It is included in the criticism of the media. on that point are two most influential beliefs on why America lost this war. First, media undermined the military and governmental effort through media coverage, especially on television, in America. (see Global Issues) Second is that most of the journalists and broadcasters were against the war. It is on the self-coloured of American media which resulted that war is a failed crusade. (see Global Issues)It has been reported that South Vietnamese had taken up fortify to defend their villages and homeland. The North Vietnam Government was not recognized by the United States and the reason why US declined to assist b ecause it is believe to be improper to acknowledge such correspondence. (see Global Issues)During the war, it is believed that it was the time where US dispatched its superior ever land army and even offered the French two atomic bombs to use prior to its get the better of in 1954. (see Global Issues) They pursued military strategies designed for great softwood to abandon homes like usage of chemicals. Millions of people were killed and maimed, virtually were Americans and the rest are Vietnamese.The agreement to end the war included $3.25 billion of grant aid for 5 years to which was never paid. (see Global Issues) It is supposed to be for the postwar reconstruction but Vietnam did not reveal all the prisoners of the war who were supposedly part of the deal to aid. (see Global Issues) This is a tragic write for Americans who comport been unaware of the fate of their loved ones. (see Global Issues)The Vietnam conflict with the intervention of America is not really a war betwe en the two countries. It is said that America lost this war. But America did not really lose it because in the first place, America was there to become an ally and just to support South Vietnamese for their fight against aggression from the North. Ineffectiveness is a more appropriate term. The way that Americans implemented their policy is ineffective in this conflict. Americas main goal is to unite Vietnam into one state. (see Global Issues) America failed to achieve that goal.The conflict highlighted more on the Cold War ideological battle. It reported and visualized on the killings and tragedies that happened in the War. It focused more on the bad mistake. The good intentions were rarely questioned and carried out poorly. The media make coverage of America in an extremely one-sided story. (see Global Issues) It resulted to inaccurate reporting because only fragments were told. They mainly focused on the nature of the war. The atrocity of the war were mistakenly branded and blun dered.Americans are on the side of South Vietnam that opposed the aggression from the communist, the North Vietnam. What really happened in this war was internal aggression. (see Global Issues) Wherein they invaded and attacked their own country and people. But then there were confusion on who really were allies on this war. The non-communist South Vietnam was said to be invaded by the communist, North Vietnam. (see Global Issues) United States therefore came to the side of the democratic regime in the South. But it was reported untrue. It is because Ho Chi Minh sent regular forces to assist the American attacks. (see Global Issues) He was persuaded to send regular armies to support the South in their opposition to American invasion. (see Global Issues)America lost the war in Vietnam. But millions of acres of forest were destroyed through herbicides poisoning, millions of people were slaughtered, sift fields were left with spots of bomb craters after winning its freedom. It is beli eved that in a war, no one really win or lose. Though they achieved what they are fighting for, they lose a great deal as well. Vietnam might have the independence and freedom they wanted but it caused them a lot earlier they achieved it. In contrast, America is still one of the most powerful countries in the world. They still aid and support other countries.But what is the measurement of victory? Is it shown in wealth or material possessions? Or is it deliberate by power? Or achieving what we really wanted though nothing was left afterwards? sweet does not end or achieve from a certain period of time. Victorious winning is seen on how you live after or if you were able to cope up with life after the battle.Fighting for what you intrust and achieving it is a great reward for winning. On the process of achieving for these goals, you may lose some, but gain some as well. It really doesnt matter if Vietnam conflict is a Winnable War. What matters most is the lesson learned from thi s war. The experiences happened, whether good or bad. Making things better and hoping that none of this will happen again in the future. To be able to have a peaceful world that can only be attained if we will not permit selfishness rule over us.Most people believed that US lost the war. But Vietnam was destroyed to its core where it could be a pool of hope for the next generation and development option in Asia. If only plans were do and done effectively, things might have been different or it could be better than what happened.REFERENCESShah, Anup (29 December 2002). Media Propaganda and Vietnam. Retrieved October 15, 2006,from War, Propaganda and the Media Website http//www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Propaganda/Vietnam.aspThemedialostthewarforAmericaVietnam War Retrieved October 15, 2006, from Wikipedia Websitehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_warRichard_Nixon_and_Vietnam_.281969.E2.80.931974.29

International Relation Essay Example for Free

International Relation EssayThe writing of Nicholas Kristof offers an objective and realistic insight into one of the lease understood and one of the most ignored regions in world-Africa. Unlike galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) arm chair theorists, Kristof has person eithery made a number of detours of Africa, especially its violence torn regions, notably Darfur in Sudan, Congo, Somalia and Liberia, seen the de colossalation wrecked by years of conflict, met the victims, listened their tales, and took their stories to international audience.However, unlike many reporters, Kristofs stories do not end with the tales of the victims, however they involve readers by raising the question of individual actions on readers fork. The images and narrations that subtly form the watermark of Kristofs canvas continue to remind readers that while governments across the world would leaven to approach the problem from semipolitical consideration, the human crisis and tragedy unfold ing in African regions also necessitates liaison by international citizens.In several of this blogs Kristof makes it clear that participation doesnt imply plurality victorious the first flight to Africa-its about creating a sense of solidarity and unity about the cause, creating a intuitive feeling of identification, and inspiring people with the idea that something should be done. Action, Kristof maintains, comes quite later and even when it comes, it may not be the direct action.However, once people reach a collective level of thought and idea, they are fracture positioned to create the platform for the action. Kristof brings out the daily landscape of war ravished African towns, uprooted people, and broken societies and culture simply, except very realistically and powerfully. His writing is not about convincing people of what he has seen or experienced, but rather of allowing them to experience his experiences.Gradually, building a continuous series of small insights, even ts, narrations, stories, Kristof takes readers to the depth of his observation, and the Africa, which most of his readers restrain only seen in images, movies and news, assumes a living shape, speaking to the readers through its people whom Kristof meets and interviews. The vagueness lifts and we see real people living through some of the most difficult situations imaginable, and yet maintaining the semblance of life, order, and ordinary hope in their endeavor to construct as stable a future as the circumstances allow them. done Kristof work we also get a taste of what developed nations are doing or pretending to do in Sudan, Congo, Somalia, Chad, and various other countries that are locked in vicious conflict. As it appears the network and coordination among global organizations, oddly UN and individuals appears to be more effectual that tutelage programs and campaigns run by European and American governments. The amount of aid and avail, although promised in hundreds of millio ns of dollars and Euros, hardly make to the people who would need it most. And yet, life moves on in Africa.And it is this depiction of movement, invariable change, and readiness to accept even the most challenging circumstances, upheavals and uncertainties and assimilate them as a daily part of life and move ahead, that makes Kristofs work on Africa significant and vital from every social and political aspect. Africa For a very considerable time Africa had been called the Dark Continent. This term, if analyzed closely, is not a reflectiveness upon Africa, but upon the rest of the world, who could not, or rather did not peer into a whole and huge continent. gum olibanum when the world called Africa as Dark continent, it was admittance of their own ignorance and lack of knowledge about the place, that in all probability was the origin of humankind. Africa consist of 53 independent countries today, and numerous tribes, ethnic communities and cultures, which are spread from the fulf ilment of Sahara desert to the deep recess of equatorial rain forests. By western standards, Africa is not developed and advanced, which is affect considering the fact that for a larger part of previous couple of centuries, a considerable portion of Africa was colonised by various European powers.Today our seeing of Africa has widened considerably, thanks to dedicated explorers, researchers, aid and charity workers, and of crinkle media. However, if we try to put this understanding in different compartments of knowledge, the images and visions making up the almost the entire go through constitute of a poverty-stricken, war ravished, famished, diseased, illiterate, and generally hurt population which is looking towards rest of the world for help and aid.Indeed these images are not doctored and they do represent the reality that they want to convey however, it is vital to understand that real as they are, the images, videos and clips that we see on news channels, books and books f orm only a part of the vast reality of Africa. The northern provinces of Africa exhibit cultural influence of both Asia and Europe, with their geographical proximity to both these continents. Countries dictated near the equator have a rich blend of tribal and semi urban cultural influence.inside previous 50 years, many of the countries have made remarkable progress, such as Cameroon, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Egypt, South Africa, and Uganda among many others. However, there is a the bitter reality of intense regional conflict, tribal clashes and war that has deeply smitten several major countries of Africa, the notable among them being Congo, Sudan, Somalia, Liberia, and Chad. Decades of conflict in these regions have claimed millions of lives, and created an international humanitarian crisis of a magnitude that is often compared to the crisis of Jews during the Second World War.Unfortunately the international knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of Africa and its people is extremely expressage and dependent upon only the eye catching events that occur there. In the recent decades, much of the Africa has been projected from suffering through political stability, collapse of the law and order, war, famine, and tribal conflict. These images and stories persuade people to drop Africa from their travel travel plan Africa is never considered in the same way as Europe, Australia or Asia Pacific countries are considered.

Often Imitated Never Duplicated Essay Example for Free

Often Imitated Never Duplicated EssayNever Duplicated Michael capital of Mississippi brought a new style to the medical specialty scene, changing every social occasion from fashion, videos and jump, which started around the making of the Thriller album and several of its music videos. Men, women, boys, girls, black, or white it did not matter everyone wanted to be a little worry Michael capital of Mississippi, he crossed over all races and genres of music. It could sport been the red military type jacket, the black pants, transparent leather shoes, or the white sequin g fill out that he wore in the Thriller video. Everyone tried to copy Michael capital of Mississippi in some shape, form, or fashion, especially toilsome to do the moonwalk or robot that Michael capital of Mississippi perfected. Everyone stood in front of a mirror to see if they could do the Robot or told someone to watch me as they did the moonwalk. Michael capital of Mississippi and the Thriller album have influenced galore(postnominal) of the pop artisans today in their dance and specifymanship. Record executive, producer, and vocaliser Antonio Reid stated this in Rolling Stone Magazine. Michael has influenced so many an other(a)(prenominal) artists, some of whom are picking up on the grandeur and showmanship of his live deeds.You nooky see his influence in his sister Janet, Justin Timberlake, Usher, Britney Spears, and in Jennifer Lopez and Mariah Carey. You can see his influence in the dance movesthe syncopated choreographythat a lot of young artists use. And a lot of them have picked up his work ethic. When you look at Britney Spears production or a Justin Timberlake production, or it you look at an Usher production, you really see that they took a page out of Michaels reserve they went to rehearsal, and they must have worked eight hours a day, because their shows are flawless, as Michaels shows were flawless (A.Reid). So many artists are motivated and influence by Michael Jackson that a lot of them in time imitate him 25 old age after the Thriller album. The imitation runs deeper than just song and dance. His vision and perfection set the warning for so many more to follow. Michael Jackson still has musicians in the 21ST century aspiring to be a modern version of him. Not everyone will pick up on how much he influences artist today unless they follow Michael Jackson closely or grew up with him and watched the evolution of Michael he was the Elvis of his multiplication early to mid 80s.Of all Michael Jacksons great qualities, dancing is probably the most imitated or at least its the most visible imitation of all, unless you just have a beneficial ear for Michael Jacksons music and remixes. Michael Jackson perfected the Moonwalk that he learned by notice kids and break-dancers perform in the streets. Once Michael Jackson had it perfected it, he de only ifed the Moonwalk on the Motown 25th Anniversary special, which was on National TV. This made the Moonwalk tremendously popular and notorious worldwide along with the robot that he was famed for.Theres way to many pop artists inspired and influenced my Michael Jackson to cover them all, a some of them are Ginuwine, Justine Timberlake, Sisco, Usher, NSYNC, and Janet Jackson. Justin Timberlake, Usher, Chris Brown and Ginuwine are a few of the many that will be used to show how much influence Michael Jackson has had on the pop music of the 21st Century. In an interview with VH1 the VH1 staff member asked Justin Timberlake How have your changing musical tastes influenced your solo work? and Justin answered with My inspirations have been the same since I was 12.I love Stevie WonderAl Green. And of course, Michael Jackson and Prince and Earth Wind Fire, too (Lerner). Justin Timberlake has been cognise to dance the sames of Michael Jackson in his concerts and videos, evening wearing a fedora like Michael Jackson. Susan Horsburgh of People magazine did an article on Justin T imberlake covering Justins solo debut. emerging from a gigantic boom box to sing like I Love You, which, with his fedora and moonwalk moves, he performed in the style of his idol, Michael Jackson (Horsburgh).Just another example of how Michael Jackson has pop artist today trying to be the new King of Pop. Justin Timberlake is not the completely artist that is influenced by Michael Jackson. Chris Brown is another popular pop artist that has been influenced by Michael Jackson when it complete to his performances and dancing. Chris Brown took Michael Jacksons style of dancing and added his on spin or flare to it to profit it his own. In the Washington Post journalist Allison Stewart says this about Chris Brown, hes, Fond of modified moonwalking and benign, poppy club jamsMichael Jackson without the ick (Stewart).Which tells the reader that Brown is just like Jackson but with out the ick, cant buy off any better than that. Chris Brown has taken Michael Jacksons moves, practiced them , perfected them, and added his own sheer to them making it his own. Chris Brown is another pop artist that is known for his dance as much as his music. As we make comparisons you will be surprised by some of the artist and what theyve done. One that you strength not know that was influenced by Michael Jackson is Ginuwine.Popular RB singer Elgin Baylor Lumpkin or better known as Ginuwine was as well influenced by Michael Jackson and took emulating Michael Jackson to a whole new level at an early age. Lumpkins interest in music was ignited by Prince and Michael Jackson, especially the latters known moonwalking performanceat the mere age of 12, began performing partieslater worked as Michael Jackson impressionist(biography). Ginuwine went on to further his music career using the influence and experiences of Michael Jackson to become a successful RB artist.Of the many, many artist influenced by Michael Jackson, Usher Raymond, has been influenced by Michael Jackson in so many ways, but mostly in his dancing. During the remaking of the 25th anniversary of the Thriller Album Usher said That great choreograph and great energy that Michael puts behind it, try to re-create that feeling. I try to take different kinds of dance and apply it in the same way Michael did in Thriller, Beat It and Off the Wall. (Reid, Hiatt, and Yago).Which has brought us to where were at today, even with rap artist like Snoop D O double G. Thats the king rightfulness there, Snopp Dogg said about the love Michael still gets. Michael Jackson has always been an inspiration to me as far as his music is concerned. You cant take nothing from Him (Reid, Hiatt, and Yago). Not that its a bad thing there are worse people to imitate, emulate or just be influenced by. His dance moves have been imitated in just about everyway from music videos to TV ads. The most recent was the commercial during the Super cast with the SoBe drink, which had the lizards doing the thriller dance with one of the singe rs from Destinys child.Shaheem Reid a well known MTV and Hollywood writer points how Michael Jacksons dance has influenced other artist to include female groups, There is Michael Jacksons dance moves from Thriller in Destinys Childs Bootylicious video (Reid, Hiatt, and Yago). Just another example of how Michael Jackson has influenced pop artist both male and female. Why would any artist imitate, emulate or even use Michael Jackson as an Inspiration? Heres a few statistics that would explain why the Justin Timberlakes, the Ushers, the Chris Browns and the Ginuwines would use Michaels work ethic, music and dance to guide them.Thriller originally worn out(p) 37 weeks at No. 1, a total of 80 consecutive weeks in the Top 10. Its also the only album in American history to be the bestselling album for two years. Seven of the albums society songs hit the Billboard Top 10 with Billie Jean and Beat It both reaching No. 1 (Gamboa). The Thriller Album has earned 47 million dollars to date, m aking it the 2nd best album of all clock only after the Eagles Greatest Hits album (RIAA). If you were to imitate an artist why not Michael Jackson, he has been pass judgment into the Rock and Roll hall of fame twice, as solo artist and for the work in the Jackson Five.He has the largest selling record of all times selling more than 40 million copies, double rhomb in the United States, not platinum, but diamond. His Thriller album was accepted by the United States as a National treasure, not many music artists can say that. Michael Jackson will go surmount in history as one of the all time greats, putting him with the likes of Jimi Hendrixs, the Eagles, the Beatles, Elvis and Bob Dylan. Its now been 25 years since the release of Thriller one of the greatest albums ever.Various pop artists of today like Fergie, Akon, Will I Am, and more will redo the original songs on the 25th anniversary album. aft(prenominal) 25 years the spirit of the Thriller album is still alive and artists all want to be a part of such a historical event. The 25th anniversary of the album was released on 11 Feb 2008, with neer recorded songs, behind the scenes look and the remix songs. Most of the artist doing the remixes admit they cant live up to the standard that Michael Jackson set years ago and continues to do.Its hard to call up one album could influence the music industry so much, much less 25 years after its debut, but Thriller has done just that. If you dont think Michael Jackson is oftentimes imitated and used as a source of influence in the music world youre in a real case of denial. These examples have shown that many artists since the album Thriller were influenced by Michael Jacksons performance and dance. Music and dance has been influenced through years and years of artist and will continue to influence the artist of the future.Many people have formed unbiased opinions of Michael Jackson, but if they take his personal life and consort it from his work they would r ealize the impact on todays music and dance. He has influenced so many artists to become the successes they are today and will continue to influence the music of tomorrow. His style of dance has been recreated in so many ways from other music artist actually imitating him to taking his style and trying to make it their own. His dancing from the Thriller video has been used in other music videos, commercials and in various other medias. Some have tried, but none have succeeded on a Michael Jackson level.

Henry V Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

atomic number 1 V Shakespeargon EssayIn Henry V Shakespe ar has habitd language to advance the setting and the mood. I will homogeneouswise be distinguish between the scenes and characters. I will be doing this by looking at Act 3, Act 4 and using Act 2 Scene 1 and Act 1 Scene 2 to study scenes and characters. Shakespeare used language in Henry V to communicate the setting. In Act 3, the chorus discovers the referee that the English army are sailing to France.The main role of the chorus was to explain things to the audience that could non be acted out on coiffe, to tell the audience that time has passed and to summarise parts of the play. The chorus also tells the ref or audience that once they reach France they begin to besiege the town of Harfleur. The reason why the chorus tells the reader or audience this is because this scene cannot be acted out on gift hardly Shakespeare uses language to get the audience to picture the ships crossing and the siege.In Shakespe arian time it was necessary to gull a chorus in this play because the chorus gets the audience to picture the ships crossing and the siege by telling the audience to use their imaginations. This is due to the fact that this scene cannot be acted out on stage and limited resources because in Shakespearian times there werent any effects they just had a stage and a few props. Thus with imagind wing our swift scene flies, this sentence is telling the reader to use his or her imagination to imagine the setting and locality of this act.The chorus appeals to two nose outs. These two senses tending the reader to build a picture in our imaginations of what it was like to be at the siege. The two senses are the sense of sight and the sense of auditory sense. An utilization of the sense of sight is, hempen tackle ship-boys climbing, this creates an image in our heads of boys climbing. An example of the sense of hearing is, hear the shrill whistle, this creates a sound in our heads of a sh arp, high-pitched whistle. Shakespeare smartly uses both senses in the same phrase.This is a more effective way of using language to communicate the setting because it creates a picture in our heads as well as creates sounds to the picture, To sounds confusd, this tells the reader that there are confusing sounds and where there are confusing sounds there are people which gives the emphasis that there are a lot of things going on and that there is a lot of mayhem. This gives the reader the picture in our heads that there are people running around.Another example is, Behold the threaden sails Borne with the invisible and creeping tinge in this phrase you can hear the creeping wind against the sails and you can visualize the sails moving. The effect of these senses is to help our imaginations paint a picture and it also helps the reader to understand what it was like to be in trustworthy peoples shoes at the time of the crossing and the siege. If the reader were a hempen tackle ship -boy then he or she would be climbing, and if the reader was on the ship he or she will be hearing confused sounds.Now I am going to explain how language in Henry V is used to communicate the mood. In Act 4 the chorus describes to the reader the scene of the English campground the night before the dispute of Agincourt. Shakespeare uses language to get the audience to feel the mood of the battlefield. Sound, rowing that underscore ugliness, supernatural images and words that tell the reader that time is passing slowly are all ship canal to get the audience to feel the mood of the battlefield.Creeping murmur, hum of either army stilly sounds and mystifying whispers, tells the reader about the sound of the camp and sustains the reader feel slightly threatened and uneasy because it gives the feeling of impending danger. Cripple tardy-gaited, foul and ugly witch and horrid ghosts, are words that strain ugliness. Those words make the reader not want to go there and they tell him or her that the place is disgusting, dirty and that it is an unpleasant place to be. Ghosts and witches are supernatural images.These images may make the reader feel scared and make him or her feel the same as the people in the camp. There are words and phrases that tell the reader time is passing slowly. These words and phrases are, creeping, cocks do crow, the clocks do toll, third hour of slack morning name, and piercing. The effect that these words have on this scene is that it seems that this scene is time dragging. The reason why I say this is because the armies want the battle to be over but they also dont want the battle to come.It is a bit like exams, because everyone doesnt want the exam to come but when the exam comes they want to subtlety the exam and get it over and done with. Words which tells the reader about the sounds about the camp, words which emphasise ugliness, supernatural images and words they tell the reader time is passing slowly creates a weird and spoo ky mood in this scene. It is important that this kind of mood is created so that the reader can feel what it is like to be in the camp.

Motorcycle - Bajaj Auto Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle Bajaj Auto EssayThe research project was underinterpreted to subject field the consumer taste sensations towards angiotensin-converting enzyme hundred fifty cc wheels in Ludhiana city. Consumer is said to be the pivot around which the entire business activities revolve and then it is necessary to know that how individuals make ends. Primary selective information were collected from a audition of 120 respondents which was taken from the service centers of the bike outlets. The factors leading to shoot arousal for cl cc motorcycles were identified as approachability of better pick up and elegant appearance. The main source of information about the motorcycle has been the media some(prenominal) print and electronic.Thedecision to acquire a particular betray of motorcycle was aroundly make by the customer himself. The serious factors considered time get a motorcycle were pick up, styling and can efficiency. Bajaj Pulsar provides highest gaiety in ra cing shell of pick up, comfort, after sales service and maintenance cost whereas TVS Apache provides highest satisfaction in case of appearance/design and mileage. 2 CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report STUDY OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS one hundred fiftyCC MOTORCYCLES IN LUDHIANA city is the bonafide work of HARPINDER SINGH. Who carried out the project work under my supervision.(Dr.MEENAL CHAUHAN) 3 CONTENTS Chapter Topic Page I INTRODUCTION 5 II REVIEW OF lit 13 III OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 17 IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 compendium FINDINGS LIMITATIONS 20 48 49 V SUMMARY 50 ANNEXURES 53 REFERNCES 56 4 CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION Customers today argon more informed and exacting than ever.They know lumber service, when they piss it and they ar not afraid of taking their business elsewhere if they dont get it. Refusals to acknowledge this reality can spell failure/rejection by the one who holds the purse strings and the happen upon to profits. Satisfaction of customer nee ds, in fact, provides a rationale for the firmsexistence. Therefore customer appearance lies at the heart of modern marketing and its knowledge is vital for a firms existence, return and advantage. An envisioning of the motives underlying the consumer behaviour helps a firm to seek better and more effective way to action customers.Consumer behaviour is the behaviour that a consumer displays in searching for acquire, using, evaluating and disposing of mathematical harvest-times and services that he expects will match his needs. It helps marketers know that how an individual makes decision to spend his visible(prenominal) resources (money, era, and effort) on consumption related items.However consumer look is a complex system where there is an interaction of versatile social, economic and psychological factors. All these factors touch the purchase decision of the buyer and his perception about incompatible products. Purchase behaviour involves twain types of purchas es psychometric test purchases (the exploratory phase in which consumer attempts to evaluate a product through direct use) and repeat purchases which unremarkably signify that the product meets with consumers approval and that the consumer is willing to use it again. more everywhere, purchase behaviour incorporates all the activities that human universes beingindulges in his role of consumer, from the time when he feels a state of deprivation (need arousal) to that point of time when he obtains a means of need satisfaction 5 (purchase) and finally to the point of time when he has used this means for a suitability long period of time to judge the level of satisfaction it provides (post purchase evaluation). Satisfaction of consumer needs is one of the main objectives of manufacturers and marketers. The company that really understands how the customer responds to different product features, prices and advertising appeals has an enormous advantage everyplace its competitors.In tod ays era of competition, a exhibit has reached that it is necessary to know the perceptions, needs and preferences of the target market and to incorporate the desired features in the product to be sold to the consumer. Although, it is not easy to say which customer will go for which features of the product, yet marketers do make efforts to know the features for which most of the people of a particular segment of society look for. A roaring marketer is the one who effectively develops and produces posts that are of value to the consumer and who effectively pitchs these products and brands to the consumer in anappealing and persuasive way.The need to travel is as old as man himself. As the requirement for basic personal transferee came to the forefront, two wheelers came into picture. In the past, selling a scooter was not a problem for their manufactures. Consumers excerpt was limited and the demarcation clear, but as more and more companies jumped into fray and churned out qui te a number of models, the consumer who till now didnt occupy much of a select, became demanding and knowledgeable. Thus it became necessary for the producers and sellers to understand the perception,attitudes and preferences of their target markets and to load their scooters with features that added value to the product.Scooter as a product falls in the kinfolk of consumer durables i. e. it serves many uses, requires more personal selling, service and sellers guarantee as compared to consumer non-durables. In todays society there is sufficient 6 disposable/discretionary income with large number of people to be in the market for a durable at one time or the other. Also, the consumer attitudes sop up swapd and ken has grown due to communication explosion. Today, two wheeler industriousness caters to the changing demands of theconsumers.The consumers decision to purchase or reject a product is the moment of final truth for the marketer. Consumer is hard to please and precise di scriminating. He is very judicious in making woofs. The purchase of any product by him depends on the value of product to him. 1. 1 Two Wheeler Industry motorcar perseverance, as a entirely contributes a significant chunk in the gross national income of the country. Faced with a public conveyance of title system, which is woefully inadequate, inefficient and undependable, the Indian customer is being more and more forced to personal means of transportation. clannish cars are ruled out for general public because of their high cost of operation and maintenance bicycles amaze the disadvantage of being slow and having low load bearing capacity, hence two wheelers postulate been the choice of middle class families because of their comparatively low price, low running cost and easy parking ability. The two wheeler industry has shown a steep growth in the recent years, even The two wheelers have moved out of the realms of the college going student and entered the corporate falsei ces similarly. With the ever-increasing prices of fuel, two wheelers offer a cheaper option than the intravenous feeding wheelers.The two wheelers have also emerged as a viable option to take pressure off the public transport system, which has been dwindling with every passing day. For ages Indian buyer had limited choice as one had to wait for several months to get a Bajaj scooter, however today the scenario has changed with over 50 models available to the Indian consumer. These models keep every need of the Indian consumer in mind.7 plank1 merchandiseShares(09-10) Scooters % Market share Honda MSI 62. 8 TVS 28. 0 Bajaj 2. 5 Kinetic 6. 7 Motorcycles % Market share molar Honda 45. 8 Bajaj 32. 4 TVS 14. 9 Yamaha 3. 8 Honda MSI 1. 8 LML Kinetic 0.1 Royal Enfield 0. 4 Majestic Suzuki Motorcycle India 0. 7 Mopeds % Market share TVS 92. 6 Majestic 2. 0 Kinetic 5. 4 Source Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) 1. 1. 1 Production of Two Wheelers The production of two whee lers has merely reflected the way the market has developed over the recent years. Here is a brief look about the production trend of two wheelers including scooters, motorcycles and mopeds in the country based on the data provided by Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). 8 set back 2 Productions of Two Wheelers (Figures in 000) Year Scooters Motorcycles Mopeds Total2005-06 938 2906 427 4271 2006-07 848 3876 352 5076 2007-08 935 4355 332 5623 2008-09 987 5194 348 6530 2009-10 1020 6201 380 7601 Source Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) (2009-10) Table 1. 2 shows that production for two wheelers have increased for the last five years. The two wheeler industry has experienced an accelerating thrust for the last 5 years. As table shows production of two wheelers which was 42. 71 lakhs in 2005-06 has increased to 76. 01 lakhs in 2009-10. 1. 2 THE MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRY BOOM The Indian two wheeler industry has been undergoing a massive change.The population explo sion, the transition from scooters to motorcycles, from 2-stroke engines to 4-stroke, from smaller engines to bigger ones everything seems to be happening at the alike time. The growth of the segment has been significant in the last 10 years particularly when the consumer preference has shifted from scooters to motorcycles and from 2-stroke to 4-stroke engines. 9 All this has been an outcome of a steady rise in the level of individual income, a change in the mind-set brought about by the spread of education and pervasiveness of media, a growing need for personalized transport among themembers of all age- meetings, etc. No more is a vehicle treated as scarcely a commodity but has become an integral part of ones personality.It is then only natural that everything else associated with this industry should change too. The demand for motorcycles has been influenced by a number of factors over the past five years. The key demand drivers for the growth of the motorcycle industry are as followsInadequate public transportation system, especially in the semi-urban and rural areas Increased availableness of cheap consumer financing in the past 3-4 years Increasing availability of fuel-efficient and low-maintenance models.Increasing urbanization, which creates a need for personal transportation Changes in the demographic profile Difference surrounded by two wheeler and passenger car prices, which makes two wheelers the entry-level vehicle Steady increase in per capita income over the past five years and Increasing number of models with different features to satisfy diverse consumer needs. The Indian two wheeler industry has undergone a significant change over the past 10 years with the preference changing from scooters and mopeds to motorcycles.The scooters segment was the largest till FY1998, method of accounting foraround 42% of the two wheeler sales (motorcycles and mopeds accounted for 37% and 21 % of the market respectively, that year). However, the motorcycles segment that had witnessed high growth (since FY1994) became larger than the scooter 10 segment in terms of market share for the first time in FY1999. Between FY1996 and 9MFY2009, the motorcycles segment more than treble its share of the two wheeler industry to 79% even as the market shares of scooters and mopeds stood lower at 16% and 5%, respectively. enchantment scooter sales declined sharply by 28% in FY2005, motorcycle sales reported a healthy growth of 20%, indicating a clearshift in consumer preference.This shift, which continues, has been prompted by two major factors change in the countrys demographic profile, and technological advancements. In an effort to satisfy the distinct needs of consumers, producers are identifying emerging consumer preferences and development new models. For instance, motorcycles with engine capacity over 150 cc, is a segment that has witnessed significant new product launches and hence, become more competitive. The indigenously launched Pulsar 150 had met with success on its launch and thereafter, a host of models have been launched in this segment by various players.While Bajaj Auto launched the Pulsar (150 and 180 cc) with digital twin spark technology (DTSi) that offers a powerful engine and fuel efficiency of 125 cc models, model launches by other players include LMLs Graptor/Beamer, HMSIs Unicorn besides the HHMLs CBZ (improved version launched in 2007-08) and TVS Fiero F2. The products in this segment cater for style conscious consumers. Quite a few players are developing models combining features such as higher engine capacity with optimum mix of power and performance, and top-notch styling. However, the extent of shift to these products would depend on thepositioning of such products in terms of price. 1. 3Need of the memorise 11 The study makes significant contributions to consumer preferences concerned with 150 cc motorcycles.Various attributes, bear on purchase of 150 cc motorcycles have been identified and the existing prominent brands of 150 cc motorcycles have been compared on the founding of various attributes. These findings will be useful for twain students as well as teachers of the subject. The study will have great implications from marketers point of view in sales strategy formulation. Knowledge of the factors, considered all- historic(prenominal) by theconsumer would be helpful to the marketers for adopting more efficient manufacturing tools. Analysis of the post purchase feelings of 150 cc motorcycles respondents and the interpretations thereof, together with the findings of the factors determining the brand preferences can be helpful to both manufacturers as well as dealers of 150 cc motorcycles thereby enabling them to meet the requirements of the market more effectively and efficiently. CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A brief review of the literature is of immense importance with respect to any research. It is essential for rationality the scope and spectrum of rese archobjectives.Various aspects of consumer preference like consumer satisfaction, impact of various attributes on purchase behavior, consumer perception, and consumer dissatisfaction are measured. 12 . Dhar and Sherman (1996) examined the effect of common and unique features in consumer choice. They said that consumer choice often involved a comparison among the available alternatives. It was proposed that attractiveness of the choice set could be enhanced or reduced by altering features, which appeared unique. Chernev (1997) examined the effect of common features on brand choiceand moderating role of attribute importance. It was argued that when brand attributes differed in importance, common features were likely to enhance consumer preferences for the option with the best value on the most important attribute, thus further polarizing brands choice shares. In contrast when attributes were similar in importance, common features were likely to have an opposite effect, equalizing bran d shares. Thus, when attributes had equal importance, adding a common feature to a pair of options leads to an equalization of choice shares, whereas, when attributes differed in importance, common featuresenhanced the choice share of the option with the best value on the most important attribute, leading to a further polarization of brands choice shares.Dhar et al (1999) suggested that the construction of both resemblance and preference judgments could be captured by a feature-matching model that allowed for shifts in the sexual congress weights assigned to the various features of the alternatives being compared. An application of this model was that engaging in one comparative care for (e. g. , similarity) can influence the relative weight assigned to the features that were considered in a second comparative judgment (e.g. , preference). The effect of engaging in an initial comparison task on subsequent 13 preference judgments was tested for stimulus-based choice sets. The resu lts on choice deferral and choice satisfaction were consistent with the notion that engaging in similarity/ discrepancy comparisons altered the relative weight assigned to common and unique features for the two alternatives. Heilman et al (2000) examined how brand preferences and resolution to marketing activity evolved for consumers new to a market.They developed a theoretical framework that began with a consumers first-ever purchase in aproduct category and described subsequent purchases as components of sequential stages. The possibility was based on the notion that choices made by the consumer new to a market were driven by two competing forces consumers desire to collect information about alternatives and their aversion to trying risky ones. The results showed the importance of accounting for product experience and learning when studying the dynamic choice processes of consumers new to a market. Ofir and Simonson (2001) in their study set that the customer evaluations of qual ity and satisfaction were critical inputs in development of marketing strategies.Given the increasingly common practice of asking such evaluations, buyers of products and services often knew in advance that they subsequently would be asked to provide their evaluations. In a series of field and laboratory studies, the author demonstrated that expecting to be evaluated leads to less(prenominal) favorable quality and satisfaction evaluations and reduces customers willingness to purchase and recommend the evaluated services. The negative bias of anticipate evaluations was observed when actual quality was either low or high, and it persisted even when buyers were told explicitly to consider both the positiveand negative aspects.Tamizhselvan and Vijayakumar (2002) analyzed the significance of personal characteristics of consumers in determining the brand preference for loony 14 drinks in Coimbatore district. The study also identified the factors considered important in buying behavior, the reasons of brand best-loved by the consumers and the factors considered in the frequency of buying. It was concluded that the personal characteristics like sex, age, marital status, occupation, monthly income and expenditure, type of family and sizing of family had a significant influence on brand preference and buying behavior of the consumers.Bhattacharya and Sen (2003) tried to discipline why and under what conditions consumers entered into strong, committed and meaningful relationships with certain companies, became champions of these companies and their products. The authors proposed that strong consumer-company relationships often resulted from consumers identification with those companies, which helped them to satisfy one or more important self-definitional needs. Aggarwal (2005) stated that when consumers formed relationships with brands, they use norms of interpersonal relationships as a pass by in their brand assessments.Two relationship types were examined exchange relationships in which benefits were given to others to get something back and common relationships in which benefits were given to show concern for others needs. The conceptual model proposed that an adherence to or a violation of these relationship norms influenced the appraisal of the specific marketing action and also the overall brand evaluations. Erdem and Swait (2006) examined the role of brand credibility (trustworthiness and expertise) on brand choice and servant across multiple product categories that vary in regard potential uncertainty about attributes andassociated information acquisition costs and comprehend risks of consumption.It was found that brand credibility increased probability of inclusion of a brand in the consideration set, as well as brand choice conditional on consideration. It was also 15 found that although credibility impacts brand choice and consideration set formation more and through more constructs in contexts with high uncertainty and sensitivit y to such uncertainty, credibility effects were present in all categories. Finally, the results exhibitd that trustworthiness, sort of than expertise, affected consumer choice and brand consideration more.Simonson (2007) examined the basic assumptions underlying individual marketing and presented a process model of customers responses to customized offers. The model addressed (1) preference development (2) evaluation of customized offers (3) likelihood of purchase the customized offers and (4) maintenance of relationships with matched marketers. The analysis leaded to specific propositions regarding determinants of customers responses to customized offers. The author also discussed future research directions and managerial implications. It can be concluded that many studies have been done to study the variousfactors related to impact of various attributes on purchase behavior, consumer perception, customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, etc.A study is required to identify the attributes considered while purchasing and compare selected brands on rear of these attributes. CHAPTER-3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY- The present study aims at evaluating factors of 150 cc motorcycles affecting their purchase and on the basis of these factors to give suggestions to the brands to 16 improve the market share of their respective products. More specifically, objectives of study are 1. To identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of150 cc motorcycles.2. To compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of attributes. 3. To study the consumer preferences towards the 150 cc Motor Cycles. 4. To study the factors that influences the purchase of 150 cc motorcycle. 5. To determine the need of purchase of 150 cc motorcycle CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - MATERIALS AND METHODS The present chapter describes the research methodology of the study. In ensnare to satisfy the objectives, this chapter explains in detail the research methodology which is shared out into five sections segment 4. 1 deals with research framework voice 4.2 deals with population and sample alternative Section 4. 3 17 deals with data collection Section 4. 4 deals with analysis of data and Section 4. 5 deals with limitations of the study. 4. 1 Research Framework The present study is based on the objectives of identifying the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes in the city of Ludhiana. The study uses both elementary and secondary information.The research design for the present study is descriptive. The motorcycles available forthe study are Bajaj Pulsar, hitman Honda CBZ, Honda Unicorn and TVS Apache. As it is clear from the objectives of the study, the study was divided into two parts i. e. to identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and then to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes. For both the objectives of the study, primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Then in order to arrive at the results proper statistical tools were used on the information collected from the respondents. 4. 2 Population and Sample Selection.ThepopulationofthestudyincludesthepersonsinLudhianacitywho own a 150 cc motorcycle. For meeting the first objective, list of dealers dealing in 150 cc motorcycles in Ludhiana was prepared. Sample was collected in two stages. In the first stage, two dealers each of the cardinal companies in the city were selected randomly from the available list of dealers for four companies. In the second stage of sample selection, service centers of each of the selected dealers 18 were visited. At each service center, 15 respondents were contacted. The sample size was 120. The avocation dealers were selected 1. Bajaj Pulsar.?Dada Bajaj, Savitiri Complex, Dholewal Chowk, Ludhiana ?Impact Bajaj, Sherpur Chowk, GT Road By Pass, Ludhiana 2. Hero Honda CBZ/Achiver ?Nihal Singh Motors, Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana ?Stan Wheels (P) Ltd. , G T Road, mount Sherpur Chowk, Ludhiana 3. TVS Apache ?Gulzar Trading Company, Dholewal, Ludhiana ?TVS Gulzar, Near Aarti Chowk, Ludhiana 4. Honda Unicorn ?Sarvpriya Autos Pvt. Ltd. , Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana ?Pioneer Honda, G T Road, Dholewal, Ludhiana 4. 3 Data Collection Keeping in view the objectives of this study, both primary and secondary data were required. A structured and non-disguised questionnaire was prepared forcollecting primary information from the customers. Questionnaire is shown in Annexure-I.Questions were asked relating to their income, occupation, about factors which were considered by the respondents while purchasing a motor bike, 19 about factors influencing them to purchase, rating of different brands of 150 cc motorcycles and satisfaction level from the various motorcycles. The questions asked were multiple choice and open ended. Five points subdue was used. For sort of attributes the following points were used most important (MI), important (I), neutral (N), little (UI) and most meaningless (M.U. I). Secondary data was collected from various journals /magazines, websites and dealers regarding the market performance of these motorcycles. 4. 4 Data Analysis The data collected with the help of questionnaires were analyzed with the help of percentages, means, weighted mean scores etc. In order to find importance given to various attributes of a 150 cc motorcycles by the buyer at the time of purchase, weighted mean scores were cipher and each attribute was ranked on the basis of weighted mean scores. Mean score was calculated for the questions asked on a 5-point scale.In the5-point scale the respondents were asked to indicate their degree of importance they showed for various attributes related to the 150 cc motorcycles from most important to most unimportant. score were assigned from 1 to 5 for the degree of importance (1 for most important, 2 for important, 3 for neutral, 4 for unimportant and 5 for most unimportant). Frequencies were multiplied with their respective weights and aggregate values were found out. Mean score was calculated using the formula Mean score = ? wifn/n i = 1 to 5 n = 30 for each brand respondents 20 where, wi = Weight attached for degree of importancefn = Associated frequency n = quash of respondents.If the mean score was more than the middle point of the scale, it was concluded that the respondents by and large tend to suit with the statement. 21 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter contains the results and discussion of the primary data collected from the respondents. The study is conducted to identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes. This chapter is divided into four sections Section 4. 4.1 deals with demo graphic profile of the respondents Section 4. 4. 2 deals with identification of the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles Section 4. 4. 3 deals with Satisfaction from selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on the basis of various attributes. 4. 4. 1 demographic profile of the respondents The demographic profile of the respondents has been classified on the basis of age, occupation, education and family income. 4. 4. 1. 1 Classification on the basis of age come on of a person is considered as an important factor in decision making and choice made by the person.The respondents were classified into four different age groups. The age classification of the respondents is given in Table 4. 4. 1. 1 22 Table 4. 4. 1. 1 Age saucy dispersal of respondents Age Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Below 25 14 11 15 13 53 25-35 13 13 11 10 47 35-45 3 6 4 5 18 preceding(prenominal) 45 0 0 0 2 2 Total 30 30 30 30 120 14 13 3 0 11 13 6 0 15 11 4 0 13 10 5 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ /Ach iever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Age wise statistical distribution of respondents Below 25 25-35 35-45 Above 45.ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION On the overall most of the respondents i.e. 53 were below the age of 25 and about 47 in the age group of 25-35 and abatement above 35. If we analyze for each motorcycle separately, it was seen that around 75% of motorcycle users in case of Bajaj Pulsar and Hero Honda CBZ and around 70% in case of Honda Unicorn and TVS Apache were below the age of 30 which eventually means that a major chunk of the motorcycle market includes youth only. 23 4. 4. 1. 2 Classification on the basis of occupation The respondents were surveyed about their occupation as it plays an important role in the purchase behaviour and affects consumers preferences. Theclassification according to occupation is shown in Table 4. 4. 1. 2. Table 4. 4. 1. 2Occupation wise distribution of respondents Occupat ion category Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Student 20 19 21 17 77 Business 6 6 6 7 25 Profession 3 4 3 6 16 Others 1 1 0 0 2 Total 30 30 30 30 120 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION 24 As regards the occupation profile of the 150 cc motorcycle owners, there was not much difference between the four motorcycles. The student partnership dominates in all the four brands (about 70%), while the ratio business to profession is around 21 on average. 4. 4.1. 3 Classification on the basis of education level The educational reserve also effects the behavior of a person as it shows how informed a choice was made while buying something. Also it is generally assumed that qualification is directly related to the kind of ruminate a person is engaged in. Therefore, the respondents were classified according to educational qualifications in Table 4. 4. 1. 3. Table 4. 4. 1. 3 Education wise distribution of respondents EDUCATION Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Under-Gradua te 16 20 18 15 69 Graduate 7 4 6 7 24 Post-graduate 4 2 3 4 13.Professional 3 4 3 4 14 TOTAL 30 30 30 30 120 25 16 7 4 3 20 4 2 4 18 6 3 3 15 7 4 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ/ Achiever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Education wise distribution of respondents Under-Graduate Graduate Post-graduate Professional ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION As regards to education characteristic, it is seen that most of the respondents are either undergraduates or graduates. This fact is in accompaniment with the fact that a major chunk of 150 cc motorcycle owners belong to the age group of below 25 and are mostly students 4. 4. 1. 4. Classification on the basis of family income.One of the most important factors influencing the consumer preferences is the income of the respondents. The income determines the choice of a respondent particularly in brand selection and the brand personality that a person associates 26 with himself. The classification of respondents acc ording to their family income is given in table 4. 4. 1. Table 4. 4. 1. 4 Income wise distribution of respondents Family Income Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn TOTAL Below 1,50,000 3 2 2 3 10 1,50,000-2,00 ,000 9 9 10 8 36 2,00,000-2,50 ,000 14 13 10 13 50 Above 2,50,000 4 6 8 6 24 27 3 9.14 4 2 9 13 6 2 10 10 8 3 8 13 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ/ Achiever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Income wise distribution of respondents Below 1,50,000 1,50,000-2,00,000 2,00,000-2,50,000 Above 2,50,000 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The maximum percentage of respondents (around 60%) are in the higher income groups i. e. above 2,00,000, about 30% of the respondents fall in 150000-200000, nearly 42% in 200000-250000 , and the highest income group above 2,50,000 accounts for about 1/5th of the respondents . 28 4. 4. 2 Identification of the attributes considered while purchasing theselected brands of 150 cc motorcycles.This section deals with identification of the vari ous factors, affecting preferences of the 150 cc motorcycle respondents. Preferences of respondents were identified by studying the various attributes of 150 cc motorcycle, which affected the purchase decision of the respondents and also by studying the post purchase satisfaction of the 150 cc motorcycle respondents. The decision to buy any product is influenced by a number of factors. The factors might be those, arousing need for the 150 cc motorcycle. Various influencers might have affected the purchase decision of resp.

How We Are Teaching Children to Think Inside the Box Essay Example for Free

How We Are Teaching barbarianren to Think Inside the Box EssayWhen children come home from rail, p bents unremarkably sit down with them, go through and through their homework folders and ask their child, so, what did you learn at school at once? Twenty forms ago, the child may open commented on what they learned in art, music, social studies or geography. Now, a child will comment only on what they learned in their reading pass around or in their math book. The fault for this lies within the No Child left hand bathroom (NCLB) Act. standardize shielding has turned teachers into test proctors and schools into testing facilities. Students be no longer receiving a broad preparation that covers many subjects instead, their learning is streamlined to fit the content that is on the interchangeable tests.The NCLB Act is non running(a) as it was intended, and as a result the Ameri rouse children ar f completelying even further after part other developed nations. In fac t, American pupils atomic number 18 ranked 19th out of 21 countries in math, 16th in science and last in physics (DeWeese 2). The No Child Left rotter Act needs to be tossed out before we do irreversible damage to the culture system. It is not too late we can turn everything around by getting rid of costly govern tests, ensure students receive a broad education that includes classes in arts and music, which will better grow them for amplyer education, and give control back to the individual states.In 2002, the No Child Left hind end Act was enacted by Congress, which was intended to close the learning gap betwixt Caucasian students and minority students. The NCLB promised to tug accountability amongst teachers and school administrators, as well as assuring that solely children would be skilful fit to standards band by the individual states in reading and math by the end of the 2013-2014 school stratum (Ravitch 2). In addition, NCLB stated that by the end of the 200 5-2006 school-year every classroom in America would have a gamyly qualified teacher (Paige 2). The most reliable expressive style that the drafters of No Child Left bottom of the inning proposed collecting the data that they needed in nightspot to keep track of accountability and proficiency was by mandating that each state issue theirstudents in grades 3 through 12 a standardise test annually that covers the subjects of reading, writing and math (Beveridge 1).The test that is issued is given to all students, whether they ar Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, disabled, etc. and schools are graded based on the proficiency of their students. Each state sets a yearly goal that increases each year based on the mandates of the NCLB Act, in which all students will be one C part proficient in those three subjects by the year 2014 (Ravitch 2). On paper, the NCLB Act looked like a blessing to schools that are located in areas of low-income, minority areas and advocates for childr en with learning disabilities because these tests were meant to highlight the schools that are doing poorly and ensure they receive musical accompaniment and training in order to turn the scores around (Darling-Hammond 1).In a garner that is intercommunicate to parents on their website, the U.S. Department of pedagogy explains that the NCLB Act put ups more than resources to schools through accompaniment and allows more flexibility when allocating the pecuniary resource (3). According to Linda Darling-Hammond, a Professor of Education at Stanford University, the funding allocated by NCLB less than 10 percent of most schools cyphers does not meet the needs of the under-resourced schools, where many students currently struggle to learn (2). Another way schools get their funding is through the taxes that we pay. It makes sense that schools located in an area that has higher income would receive more funds than schools located in a low-income area. What reachs is that with t he limited funding, schools in low-income areas need to prioritize funding to cost increase the standardized test scores of their students because once a school breaks to show improvement in their standardized test scores, they are place on probation the second year and parents are given a alternative to leave the failing school, taking their child and the funding attached to that child to a school that is browsed better.In the third year of a schools failure, students are entitled to free tutoring after school according to Diane Ravitch, a research professor of education at New York University (2). The funding stick outd by NCLB is sibyllic to help pay for the free tutoring, notwithstanding, like was stated before, the funding provided is not enough. What happens when a school is mandated by law to provide resources, nevertheless it cannot find room in their budget? Thatsright, they cut funding elsewhere. In an article written by Angela Pascopella, the Austin Independent give instruction District superintendent daddy D. Forgione explains that NCLB also requires that schools in need of improvement set aside 10 percent of their local ennoble 1 funds for professional development this creates no flexibility in budgeting (1).When schools need to restructure their budget in order to pay for tutoring and retraining teachers, the arts and music programs are the ones that suffer most. NCLB places so a good deal emphasis on the outcome of the standardized tests. Can you really blame the school regularizes for re-emphasizing the importance of standardized tests when their funding relies on it? States were put in charge of providing their own assessment tests in order to provide a more focused education to their students and ensure that the students meet the states standards of proficiency. Tina Beveridge explains that in 2007, the uppercase Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) cost the state $113 million and many districts eliminated teaching positions as a result, despite the use of stimulus money. As budgets are cut nationwide, the funding for nontested subjects are affected first off (1). The fact that the distribution of funds is based on the outcome of the standardized test scores heart that we are blatantly failing the inner-city schools. A school will be placed on probation if they fail just one category ranging from proficiency of Caucasian students all the way down to the proficiency of the students who are just learning the English language. aims located in higher income areas dont really have to worry as much about budget cuts because those schools are located in areas that are predominately sportsmanlike and with parents who are active in their childrens education. On the other hand, schools in low income areas have to provide tutoring and other mandated actions in order to improve their proficiency rates, all the while their students are learning in crumbling facilities, overcrowded classrooms, out-of-date school texts, no science labs, no art or music courses and a revolving door of violent teachers (Darling-Hammond 2). After a few years of a school not showing improvement through their test scores, their entire teaching staff could be fired. We just saw this happen last year in Providence, Rhode Island. The school board terminated 1,976 teachers because of insufficient results and the need to make budget cuts (Chivvis 1).The turnover rate forteachers is already extremely high, as much as 50 percent leave within 5 years in urban areas (McKinney et al 1) and the pressure of working in a low-income school district where schools are lacking basic teaching necessities is not all that appealing. The inability of low-income schools to offer teachers incentives because of funding, and with the added stress of prank security, it makes one wonder how any highly qualified teachers are in the classroom. On top of that, the platform for students has gotten so narrow that it has taken a lot of the c reativity and individualization that once attracted the vanquish of the best to the teaching profession. Susan J. Hobart is an example of one of those teachers who used to love doing her job because she was leaving her mark on her students, in a positive way. In Hobarts article, she tells of a letter she received from one of her students prior to the NCLB Act. The letter explained that Hobart was different than other teachers, in a good way. They didnt learn just from a textbook they experienced the topics by jumping into the textbook. They got to construct a rainforest in their classroom, have a go for lunch on the Queen Elizabeth II, and go on a safari through Africa (3).The student goes on to explain that the style of teaching she experienced during that time is what she hopes she can do when she becomes a teacher too. Unfortunately, that students dream will most likely not come true because the fact is that when schools are placed on probation, like Hobarts school, they teach test-taking strategies similar to those taught in Stanley Kaplan prep courses and spend an extravagant amount of time showing students how to bubble up (1). With all the time and energy being placed on teaching children to read and write, you would guess that they would be proficient by the time they enroll in college, right? Wrong. 42 percent of community college freshmen and 20 percent of freshmen in four-year institutions enroll in at least one remedial course 35 percent were enrolled in math, 23 percent in writing, and 20 percent in reading, according to the Alliance for Excellent Education (1). Schools are so dependent on the standardized tests in order to gauge how students are understanding material that they have slacked-off in other areas like teaching basic study skills and critical thinking skills.When most of these kids graduate from high school and enter into a college setting, especially the ones who need to take remedial courses to catch-up to wherethey should be when they graduate, theyre taken completely off guard with the course load and they will either succeed in managing it or struggle for the first few semesters, but the majority will drop out without a percentage point (Alliance for Excellent Education 1). High school is meant to go under students for higher education or to enter the workforce, but the government is spending millions of dollars in order to remediate students and doing what high school teachers were meant to do (Alliance for Excellent Education 3). So, who is to blame? The supporters of No Child Left Behind acknowledge that in that location are some faults to the Act, but those like Kati Haycock believes that although NCLB isnt perfect, the Bush administration and Congress did something important by passing it.They called on educators to continue a new challenge not just access for all, but achievement for all there are no more invisible kids (1). Supporters feel as though benefits such as memory teachers acco untable for all students, including those with disabilities, and weeding out the schools that have a long history of doing poorly outweighs the negatives and that with time, the NCLB Act can be reformed to work as efficiently as it was enacted to work. Ravitch disagrees, stating that Washington has neither the knowledge nor the electrical condenser to micromanage the nations schools (3). We have to agree with her as concerned citizens and parents. season the NCLB Act meant well when it was passed, its time to acknowledge that the government has spent billions of dollars trying to improve the education of Americas youth, all the same 10 years later American students are stable falling behind the mark set by other industrialized nations and the 2013-2014 school year is quickly coming upon us.Not only are we falling behind globally, but minorities are still struggling behind Caucasian students. The gap between Caucasian students and minority students, that was intended to close thr ough the NCLB Act, has remained just as far apart. E.E. Miller round-eyed School, located here in Fayetteville, NC, just released their annual report card to parents. The chart below shows the break-down of students who passed both the reading and math tests provided at the end of the 2010-2011 school year. African American children, Hispanic children, and children with disabilities are still lagging far behind their Caucasian peers. African American children passed at 49.4 percent, 25.5 percent of students with disabilities passed and Hispanic children passed at rate of56.9 percent. Remember that the NCLB expects this school, along with every other school in the Nation, to be at 100 percent proficiency by the end of the 2013-2014 school year.SourceEducation prototypal NC School narrative Cards, E. E. Miller Elementary 2010-11 School Year, Public Schools of North Carolina State Board of Education, Web, 26 Oct. 2011.In order to put this chart more in perspective, below is the 3-ye ar trend for E.E. Miller. picSource Education First NC School Report Cards, E. E. Miller Elementary 2010-11 School Year, Public Schools of North Carolina State Board of Education, Web, 26 Oct. 2011.While math scores are steadily improving, reading scores (the solid line) are declining. E.E. Miller has been on probation for at least 3 years, having provided tutoring to children who were struggling last year. Even with those efforts, the end of the year test suggests those students are still struggling in reading. These mandates are not working. States are spending millions of dollars per year to fulfill all of the required obligations without any fruition. We need to put education spending back into the hands of the states with more impregnable federal funding. The federal government cannot expect every public elementary school, middle school and high school in this nation to fix a problem that has been prevalent for many, many years with this one-size-fits-all lift to learning. It will not happen with No Child Left Behind, and it definitely will not happen by the end of the 2013-2014 school year. We can no longer sit and watch while students in America struggle to compete on a global level in nearly all subjects. Teachers are not educating our nations students to think critically and to form their own ideas or opinions instead, teachers in failing schools are stuck teaching a curriculum that directly corresponds to what is being tested, and we are failing to prepare them for higher education. The future citizens we are molding will be of no use to society if they cannot think for themselves, which will happen if they remain in the current system. We need to undo this one-size-fits-allcurriculum and re-broaden our childrens education to include subjects that will teach them think outside the box.Works CitedAlliance for Excellence in Education. nonrecreational Double Inadequate High Schools and Community College Remediation. Issue Brief August (2006). All4Ed. Org. Web. 30 Oct. 2011.Beveridge, Tina. No Child Left Behind and Fine Arts Classes. Arts Education Policy Review 111.1 (2010) 4. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. Chivvis, Dana. Providence, RI, School Board Votes to Lay Off All Teachers. AOL News (2011). Web. 28 Oct. 2011.Darling-Hammond, Lisa. No Child Left Behind is a Bad Law. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.DeWeese, Tom. Public Education is Failing. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. Education First NC School Report Cards. E. E. Miller Elementary 2010-11 School Year.Public Schools of North Carolina State Board of Education. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.McKinney, Sueanne E., et al. Addressing Urban High-Poverty School Teacher Attrition by Addressing Urban High-Poverty School Teacher Retention wherefore Effective Teachers Persevere. Educational Research and Review Vol. 3 (1) pp. 001-009 (2007). Academic Journals. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. Paige, Rod. No Child Left Behind A Parents Guide. U.S. Department of Education (2002). PDF File. 28 Oct. 2011.Pascopella, Angela. Talking Details on NCLB. District Administration 43.7 (2007)22. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 28 Oct. 2011.Ravitch, Diane. Time to Kill No Child Left Behind. Education bear out 75.1 (2009) 4. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 20 Oct. 2011.